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On the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing: a literature review

Scott C Cuthbert1 email and George J Goodheart Jr2 email

1Chiropractic Health Center, 255 West Abriendo Avenue, Pueblo, CO 81004, USA

2Goodheart Zatkin Hack and Associates, 20567 Mack Avenue, Grosse Pointe Woods, MI 48236-1655, USA

author email corresponding author email

Chiropractic & Osteopathy 2007, 15:4doi:10.1186/1746-1340-15-4

Published: 6 March 2007

First paragraph (this article has no abstract)

A body of basic science and clinical research has been generated on the manual muscle test (MMT) since its first peer-reviewed publication in 1915. The aim of this report is to provide an historical overview, literature review, description, synthesis and critique of the reliability and validity of MMT in the evaluation of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.


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